What is Transmission Media?
It is a pathway that carries the information from sender to receiver. Transmission media are also called communication channels.
  • Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are controlled by the physical layer.
Transmission media are of two types
  • Wired or Guided Media or Bound Transmission Medium.
  • Wireless or Unguided Media or Unbound Transmission Medium.

The data transmission capabilities of various media vary differently depending upon the various factors. These factors are:

1.Bandwidth:-It refers to the data-carrying capacity of a channel or medium. Higher Bandwidth communication channels support higher data rates.

2.Radiation:-It refers to the leakage of signal from the medium due to undesirable electrical characteristics of the medium.

3.Noise Absorption:-It refers to the susceptibility of the media to external electrical noise that can cause distortion of the data signal.

4.Attenuation:-It refers to loss of energy as the signal propagates outwards. The amount of energy lost depends on frequency. Radiations and Physical characteristics of media contribute to attenuation.

Wired or Guided Media or Bound Transmission Media
Wired transmission media are the cables that are tangible or have physical existence and are limited by physical geography.

Popular Wired transmission media in use are 
  • Twisted pair cable
  • co-axial cable
  • Fiber optical cable
  • stripline
  • Microstripline
Wireless or Unguided Media or Unbound Transmission Media
Unbound transmission media are the ways of transmitting data without using any cables. These media are not bounded by physical geography. This type of transmission is called wireless communication.

Popular wireless transmission media in use are 
  • Microwave
  • Infrared
  • Radio wave

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